Initially Cucumber was implemented in Ruby and then extended to Java framework. Both the tools support native JUnit. Cucumber can be used along with Selenium, Watir, and Capybara etc. It supports many languages like java, Perl, PHP, Python, .Net etc.

One can use it more in different project environments., as it is very easy to learn and implement. One should apply BDD framework to API automation.The inbuilt runner for cucumber is JUnit but we can also use testng with it. BDD is most promising framework in industry because it shows interactions between a BA and automation engineer.  Cucumber is more like using COBOL. Write the tests in a more conventional programming language, like Ruby, Java, PHP, Python, C#, Haskell, Go, whatever. And Cucumber is not a testing tool. It is a tool to help non-technical people understand tests. If programmers are going to test a RESTful API, then they will achieve more by using a familiar programming language to write those tests.

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LODASH  a big library and to be precise a utility library delivering consistency, customization, performance, & extras. Lodash was built with modularity and performance in mind from ground up. Lodash offers more flexibility allowing custom builds targeting different environments including ES2015 modules,  excellent libraries that have huge adoption and years of development by the best and brightest of the JavaScript community.  Lodash and underscore come with immutable operations of their own. Each comes with an API of its own. Lodash has so many qualities by which it has replaced underscore::

• Usability Improvements
• Extra Functionality
• Performance Gains
• Shorthand syntaxes for chaining
• Custom Builds to only use what you need
• Semantic versioning and 100% code coverage

One will get immutability and more power but there’s simply more to learn. Lodash also contains a group of functions that target functional programming. Lodash has a group of general purpose utilities for simplifying common programming tasks. Lodash seems to be a drop-in replacement for underscore. It has since become a superset of Underscore, providing more consistent API behavior, more features,  more thorough documentation  and unit tests better overall performance and optimizations for large arrays/object iteration, and more flexibility with custom builds  and template pre-compilation utilities.

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About Backbone.js::-
– Backbone.js is a client-side MVC architecture. It is a design pattern where we separate the data from the way it is defined, manipulated and displayed. It allows you to structure your Javascript code in an MVC pattern.
– In the MVC platform, web application depends upon server for getting json data for the logic on how to display it. Here load on server is reduced and it helps in increasing the speed of the website.

-It’s easy to create small and slick web applications with frameworks like jQuery. When a project grows, however, the jQuery declarations and callbacks get more and more complex and are distributed all over the place. The code becomes more and more cluttered and hard to read.

-It provides an event-driven communication between views and models . One can attach event listeners to any attribute of a model, which gives you very nuanced control over what you change in the view.

-The BACKBONE.JS events build on top of regular DOM events, which makes the mechanism very versatile and extensible. With one line of code, for example, one can introduce a publish/subscribe pattern to backbone that ties all of your views together

-The models in Backbone.js   can be easily tied to a back-end. Out-of-the box the framework provides excellent support for Restful APIs in that models can map to a RESTful endpoint. If the API is designed correctly, backbone is already configured to access these directly for read, write, and delete operations.

-If a backend other than a RESTful API is used, backbone.js is still flexible enough to accommodate for that.

-Conventions are a great way to introduce a common coding style without the need of coming up with an extensive set of coding standards.  Backbone.js is particularly helpful to maintain a clean code base despite having multiple people collaborating on the code.

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But Amazon also supports dynamic content, CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN). CDNs are used to cache your web content at discrete locations around the world to reduce load times for users who are not near your web server. Amazon CloudFront is a global content delivery network (CDN) service that accelerates delivery of your websites, APIs, video content or other web assets. It integrates with other Amazon Web Services products to give developers and businesses an easy way to accelerate content to end users with no minimum usage commitments. Using the assistance of services like Amazon CloudFront implementation  you can get your entire website, including dynamic, static, streaming, and interactive content using a global network of edge locations. Requests for your content are automatically routed to the nearest edge location, so content is delivered with the best possible performance. Amazon CloudFront is optimized to work with other Amazon Web Services, like Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), Amazon Elastic Load Balancing, and Amazon Route 53. Amazon CloudFront also works seamlessly with any non-AWS origin server, which stores the original, definitive versions of one’s files. Like other Amazon Web Services products, there are no long-term contracts or minimum monthly usage commitments for using Amazon CloudFront – you pay only for as much or as little content as you actually deliver through the content delivery service.

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A GraphQL request can be either a query (read operation) or a mutation (write operation). For both cases, the request is a simple string that a GraphQL service can interpret, execute, and resolve with data in a specified format. The popular response format that is usually used for mobile and web applications is the JavaScript Object Notation.

Why GraphQL?

• Single-round trip: All data is fetched in a single round-trip vs. multiple-round trips in REST. In our example above, for a REST client to get all products in each category, it would need to first fetch the store’s categories from one API endpoint, and then for each category fetch their products from another API endpoint.

• No over-fetching: A client has full control of fetching only data that it needs vs. in REST API, on the server-side we have to balance between minimizing multiple round-trips (‘n+1’ problem) and over-fetching; we can eliminate ‘n+1’ problem we described above if we make the API that returns store categories, also return all products, but another set of clients that just wants categories of a store will be over-fetching.

• One endpoint to access your data- Single API endpoint to server all data needs
• Retrieve only the data your client needs in a single request (flexibility)
• No need to tailor endpoints for your views
• No versioning

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Spring has several components like Spring MVC, Spring ORM, Spring Rest API. Spring deals with developing flow of the application. Spring MVC-Spring gives you power to develop MVC web app with less amount  couple of minutes you can develop your restful web service. Spring is a open source framework for building java enterprise applications, spring has a core container, aop, jdbc and various other features for building an entire application. Spring is build up on top of the j2ee technologies, it has different modules to perform different aspects of web application. Spring supports end to end development of application, that means Starting from business logic , persistence logic to presentation logic we can develop using Spring . That means by using Spring we can develop whole application. Spring has different modules like Spring core, Spring jdbc, Spring AOP, Spring Tx, Spring Security, Spring MVC. Due to modularly organized nature, Spring makes it easy for the developers to know which packages or classes are to be used. Spring framework provides inversion control and APIs to translate technology-driven exceptions. It enables developers to build enterprise-level applications with the help of the POJOs. It provides very simple and rich facilities to integrate various frameworks, technologies, and services in the applications. One of the main reason for using the Spring framework is to keep code as simple as possible. It push the way to develop enterprise applications with loosely coupled simple java beans. For this reason, the spring framework can also be called a Plain Old Java Object (POJO) framework. When it comes to size and transparency, Spring is the best lightweight framework you will ever find.

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